Tracheal collapse is a chronic progressive respiratory disease most commonly seen in mature toy and small breed dogs. Dynamic airway obstruction is caused by chondromalacia,

Portosystemic shunts are relatively uncommon congenital vascular anomalies that shunt blood from the abdominal organs around the liver and to the heart, thereby preventing detoxification

Cats with chronic enteropathy present a difficult diagnostic challenge. The two most common differential diagnoses, chronic inflammatory enteropathy and alimentary lymphoma, can only be reliably